Primeros pasos: Bases Financieras para iniciar un nuevo negocio
Por Diana BromsBOK Financial
Iniciar un negocio es emocionante, pero puede ser un poco abrumador. Puede que tengas una gran idea, pero ¿a dónde vas a partir de ahí?
Al iniciar un negocio, es importante tener una buena comprensión de sus gastos y cómo traerá dinero para pagarlos.
Estos son algunos otros pasos que debe seguir:
La idea de negocio
• Una vez que tengas una idea para un negocio, comienza con la investigación: ¿Existe una demanda para tu producto o servicio?
• ¿Hay competidores potenciales que ya lo están haciendo?
• ¿Qué hace que tu idea sea diferente o mejor para satisfacer una necesidad en el mercado?
Un buen lugar para comenzar tu investigación es la Administración de Pequeñas Empresas. Ofrecen recursos, capacitaciones y eventos gratuitos y de bajo costo para iniciar un negocio.
Plan de negociosA continuación, necesitará un plan escrito, que incluya detalles sobre su producto o servicio y lo que se necesitará para ingresar al mercado, incluida una posible ubicación física, inventario, suministros, tecnología, marketing, personal y los fondos para respaldar todo.
Obtenga un número EIN y elija una estructura comercialPara muchos propietarios de negocios, este es el momento en que las cosas comienzan a ser reales. La mayoría de las empresas deben registrarse en el sitio web del IRS para obtener un número de identificación de empleador (EIN) para declarar impuestos como empresa, en lugar de ser un propietario único, usar su propio número de Seguro Social y hacer una presentación del Anexo C como trabajador independiente o contratista.
Siempre recomiendo que las personas se sienten con un contador público certificado (CPA, por sus siglas en inglés) para comprender la diferencia entre cómo se paga a sí mismo y presenta sus impuestos como propietario de un negocio frente a un empleado o contratista, además de cuáles son las implicaciones fiscales para cada tipo de estructura comercial.
Reclame su nombre y presencia en líneaSu entidad comercial se puede registrar a su nombre o a nombre de una empresa. Si planea llamar a la empresa de otra manera que no sea su nombre, deberá solicitar un nombre comercial, también conocido como un nombre de "hacer negocios como" (DBA) o un nombre "asumido". Ten en cuenta que algunos estados exigen que todas las empresas presenten un nombre comercial, así que comprueba lo que se exige en tu estado.
Es posible que tenga un nombre en mente para su negocio, pero es posible que otra empresa ya lo tenga. Haz una búsqueda en línea, revisa los canales de redes sociales y haz una búsqueda de nombre de empresa en tu estado para asegurarte de que no esté ya en uso. Asegúrese de bloquearlo para su presencia en línea configurando todos sus nombres de dominio de redes sociales y sitios web.
Abrir una cuenta bancaria comercialCuando tu idea se convierta oficialmente en un negocio, es hora de separar las finanzas personales de las comerciales. Es increíblemente importante evitar mezclar los dos, especialmente si desea cierto grado de protección de sus activos personales de cualquier responsabilidad comercial.
Mantenga un balance general que muestre todo el dinero que entra y sale del negocio, separado del flujo de caja personal. Tener una contabilidad separada será fundamental para examinar el crecimiento de su negocio.
Una cuenta comercial separada debe usarse exclusivamente para todos los gastos comerciales y los pagos de ventas entrantes. También hará que sea más fácil en el momento de la declaración de impuestos ver el flujo de caja completo de su negocio. También es posible que desee considerar una tarjeta de crédito comercial para gastos en los que podría ganar puntos de recompensa. Luego, use la cuenta de cheques comercial para realizar pagos con esa tarjeta.
Tener la idea de negocio es la parte divertida. Pero tienes que mirar la ejecución y asegurarte de que es algo para lo que estás preparado, o puede que quieras esperar un poco hasta que tengas la mentalidad adecuada y los fondos que necesitarás para empezar.
ENGLISH:
Getting Started: Financial foundations for starting a new business
By Diana Broms - BOK Financial
Starting a business is exciting—but can be a little overwhelming. You may have a great idea but where do you go from there?
When starting a business, it’s important to have a good understanding of your expenses and how you will bring money in to pay them.
Here are some other steps you need to take:
The business idea
• Once you have an idea for a business, start with research: Is there a demand for your product or service?
• Are there potential competitors already doing it?
• What makes your idea different or better to fill a need in the market?
A good place to start your research is the Small Business Administration. They offer free and low-cost resources, trainings and events on starting a business.
Business plan
Next, you’ll need a written plan, including details on your product or service and what it will take to get into the market, including a potential physical location, inventory, supplies, technology, marketing, staff—and the funding to support it all.
Get an EIN number and choose a business structure
For many business owners, this is when things start getting real. Most businesses are required to register on the IRS website for an employer identification (EIN) number to file taxes as a business as opposed to being a sole proprietor using your own Social Security number and doing a Schedule C filing as a freelancer or contractor.
I always recommend that people sit down with a certified public accountant (CPA) to understand the difference between how you pay yourself and file your taxes as a business owner versus an employee or contractor, plus what the tax implications are for each type of business structure.
Claim your name and online presence
Your business entity can be filed under your name or a business name. If you plan to call the business something other than your name, you’ll need to file for a trade name, also known as a “doing business as” (DBA) name or an “assumed” name. Note that some states require that all businesses file a trade name, so check what is required in your state.
You may have a name in mind for your business, but another company may already have it. Do an online search, check social media channels and do a business name search in your state to make sure it’s not already taken. Be sure to lock it down for your online presence by setting up all of your social media and website domain names.
Open a business bank account
When your idea officially becomes a business, it’s time to separate personal and business finances. It’s incredibly important to avoid comingling the two, especially if you want some degree of protection of your personal assets from any business liabilities.
Keep a balance sheet that shows all the money going in and out of the business, separate from personal cashflow. Having separate bookkeeping will be critical for examining your business’ growth.
A separate business account should be used exclusively for all your business expenses and incoming sales payments. It will also make it easier at tax time to see your complete business cashflow. You may also want to consider a business credit card for expenses that you could earn reward points on. Then use the business checking account to make payments on that card.
Coming up with the business idea is the fun part. But you have to look at the execution and make sure it’s something you’re prepared to do, or you might want to wait a little bit until you have the right mindset and funds you’ll need to get started.
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