Acuerdo comercial EEUU-Taiwán: defendiendo el statu quo
Por Luis Zúñiga
El acuerdo de comercio que acaban de firmar Estados Unidos y Taiwán, ascendente a 250.000 millones de dólares, tiene múltiples implicaciones, comenzando con el rechazo de China, que reclama a Taiwán, indebidamente, como parte de su territorio.
La implicación comercial, por supuesto, es evidente. El acuerdo reduce los aranceles que paga Taiwán a un 15%, que es igual al de Japón, Corea del Sur y la Unión Europea. Para cualquier nación, comerciar con EEUU es una gran ventaja. EEUU es el mayor mercado del mundo.
La segunda implicación es estratégica. Taiwán está a la cabeza de la tecnología mundial de “chips” y microprocesadores. Esos componentes constituyen el corazón de todos los equipos electrónicos que se fabrican, desde electrodomésticos y automóviles hasta naves espaciales, misiles y aviones de combate. Este acuerdo pone en las manos de las industrias norteamericanas la mejor tecnología del mundo.
Es menester destacar que Taiwán mantendrá en la isla las investigaciones y desarrollo de los procesos avanzados de tecnología. De esa manera, asegura que no perderá su competitividad y liderazgo tecnológico.
Simultáneamente, EEUU se beneficiará de los avances de Taiwán en Inteligencia Artificial (IA), un campo relativamente nuevo, pero que se ha erigido en una carrera entre las grandes potencias por sus posibilidades casi infinitas.
La tercera implicación es política. El acuerdo de comercio aumentado aporta un elemento más para que EEUU continúe defendiendo el statu quo de Taiwán. La cadena de suministros electrónicos taiwaneses es de suma importancia para los norteamericanos.
De hecho, muchos analistas opinan que el mayor interés de China en ocupar Taiwán es, precisamente, apoderarse de esa cadena de suministro tan valiosa. Poco después de firmado el acuerdo de comercio, el régimen chino emitió una fuerte protesta.
En un acuerdo separado, pero parte de las negociaciones, Taiwán invertirá 250.000 millones de dólares en industrias norteamericanas.
El pasado año, la economía taiwanesa creció un 8,6%, la cifra más alta en los últimos 15 años. Taiwán es también uno de los países más educados del mundo: casi el 50% de su población mayor de 17 años tiene un título universitario.
El desarrollo de la pequeña isla, de 23 millones de habitantes, se extiende a otros sectores como la medicina y el turismo.
A la firma del importante acuerdo de comercio concurrieron el viceministro de Relaciones Exteriores taiwanés, Li-chiun Cheng, y el ministro de gobierno Jen-ni Yang. Por la parte norteamericana, asistieron el representante comercial Jamieson Greer y el secretario de Comercio, Howard Lutnick.
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